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Abu Bakir Siddiq – Скачать mp3 бесплатно

By most reports he was very handsome, and for his beauty he earned the nickname of Atiq. He was born in a rich family. He spent his early childhood like other Arab children of the time among the caravan . Hazrar Muhammad (PBUH) who was 12 years old at the time, was also with the caravan. Like other children of the rich Meccan merchant families, he was literate and developed a fondness for Arab. He used to attend the annual fair at Ukaz, and participate in poetical symposia. He had a very good memory. In 591 at the age of 18, Hazrar Abu Bakr (R.A) went into trade and adopted the profession of a cloth merchant which was the family’s business. In the coming years Abu Bakr traveled extensively with caravans. Business trips took him to Yemen, Syria, and elsewhere. These travels brought him wealth and added to his experience. His business flourished and he rose in the scale of social importance. Though his father Hazrat Uthman Abu Qahafa R.A was still alive, he came to be recognized as chief of his tribe. Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) was assigned the office of awarding During Muhammad’s (PBUH) era

Lessons from the Life of Hz Abu Bakr (RA)

The life story of Abu Bakr, the successor of the Prophet Muhammad (PUBH) and the first righteous Caliph – the Golden page of Islamic history, which tells about faith, dedication and selfless devotion to high ideals. Abu Bakr was born in 573 AD, two years and a few months after the Prophet’s birth into a respectable and pious family. His full name was Abu Bakr Abdullah ibn Uthman Abu Quhafa.

His title was “As-Saddiq” (the one who testifies truth). When the Prophet (PBUH) narrated the experience of M’iraj (Ascension), he did not hesitate even for a moment to believe in him for which the Prophet gave him the title of Siddiq. He was quiet and sincere man. He belonged to a noble and respectable family of Banu Tamim, a branch of Quraish Tribe.

Companionship of the Prophet

Abu Bakr Siddiq was a wealthy Merchant. He accompanied the Prophet (PBUH) in some of his trade mission. Abu Bakr (R.A) was a close friend of the Prophet (PBUH), he was the first, adult, free man to accept Islam. The Prophet (PBUH) once spoke about this,

When I invited people towards Allah (SWT), everybody thought over it and hesitated, at least for a while, except Abu Bakr (R.A) who accepted my call, the moment I put it before him, and he did not hesitate even for a moment

Hazrat Syedna Rabiya ibn Ka’b (may Allah be pleased with him) said that Islam of Hazrat Syedna Abu Bakr Siddique (R.A) was like heavenly revelation. As you went for trade in the country Syria, you had a dream there, which was told to a monk named “Bahira”.

He asked : Where did you come from?”

Then he replied: “From Mecca”.

He asked: “Which tribe do you belong to?

He answered: “From Quraish”.

He asked: “What do you do? He said: I am a businessman.

The monk said: If Allah Almighty (SWT) fulfills your dream he will prophesy a prophet in your own nation, in his life you will be his minister and after his death his successor.

Hazrat Abu Bakr kept this incident secret, did not tell anyone. And when the Prophet (PBUH) announced the Prophethood, the Prophet (PBUH) presented this incident as an argument to him. Upon hearing this, he embraced the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and kissed his forehead and said:

I bear witness that there is no God other than Allah (SWT) and I testify that you are Allah’s true Messengers.

His Family

His Father was Uthman Abu Quhafa and Mother was Salma Ummul-Khair. He had four wives. He married two in Mecca and two in Medina, and had three sons and three daughters.

Abu Bakr Siddiq (RA) served Islam in numerous ways. Many early Muslim reverts accepted Islam on his invitation.

The Quraish persecuted the slaves who had accepted Islam. They were tortured by their masters. Bilal (R.A) was among such slaves, his master dragged him on the burning sand of desert. Abu Bakr Siddiq (R.A) set him free. Like Bilal (R.A) a number of other slaves were also set free by him.

He fought all the battles with the Prophet (PBUH). Also supported the Prophet (PBUH) at the time of Treaty of Hudaibiyyah. He pacified Umar when he objected to the terms of the Treaty.

At the time of Expedition of Tabuk, Abu Bakr Siddiq (R.A) gave all his possession for the Expedition.

Hazrat Abu Bakr Siddiq (R.A) was appointed as the first Amir-al Hajj in the year 9th Hijrah when it became obligatory.

When the Prophet PBUH fell ill, he appointed Abu Bakr Siddiq RA to lead the prayers. Aishah (R.A) pleaded to the Prophet (PBUH) to replace him as he was soft hearted and it would be difficult for him, but the Prophet (PBUH) did not change his decision. During the sickness the Prophet (PBUH) came in the mosque and gave a sermon, after the sermon he said “Allah (SWT) offered one of His servants the choice of life on this Earth and a life with Him. But the servant accepted the latter” (Sahih Bukhari ). Hearing this, tears came out of Abu Bakr’s eyes as he realized that the Prophet’s mission was finished and soon he would be separating from them.

Most of people did not understand the meaning of Prophet’s address and they were surprised at Abu Bakr’s crying. When the Prophet (PBUH) passed away, Umar (R.A) was in an emotional state and he said that he would kill the person who dared to say that the Prophet (PBUH) was dead. At that moment Abu Bakr Siddiq (R.A) gave a speech and consoled the Muslims.

Conclusion

The fact that the Messenger (PBUH) highly valued and trusted Abu Bakr is stated in many hadiths. It also says that this man was supposed to lead the Muslim world after the death of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), which happened in 632. Abu Bakr ruled for a little more than two years, and in a short time was able to extinguish the turmoil that engulfed Arabia after the death of the Prophet. Then some Muslims renounced the name of Allah (SWT), following the false Prophets, and others refused to pay zakat – a mandatory tax for believers in favor of the needy. During this difficult time, Abu Bakr was able to show perseverance and wisdom, thanks to which the Arabs were united, and Islam was finally strengthened throughout Arabia.

There is no disagreement among the scholars about the role of Abu Bakr, in the fact that this great man was truly the best among Muslims after the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).

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Abu Bakr

He was a man with fair skin, thin, emaciated, with a sparse beard, a slightly hunched frame, sunken eyes and protruding forehead, and the bases of his fingers were hairless.

By most reports he was very handsome, and for his beauty he earned the nickname of Atiq. He was born in a rich family. He spent his early childhood like other Arab children of the time among the caravan . Hazrar Muhammad (PBUH) who was 12 years old at the time, was also with the caravan. Like other children of the rich Meccan merchant families, he was literate and developed a fondness for Arab. He used to attend the annual fair at Ukaz, and participate in poetical symposia. He had a very good memory. In 591 at the age of 18, Hazrar Abu Bakr (R.A) went into trade and adopted the profession of a cloth merchant which was the family’s business. In the coming years Abu Bakr traveled extensively with caravans. Business trips took him to Yemen, Syria, and elsewhere. These travels brought him wealth and added to his experience. His business flourished and he rose in the scale of social importance. Though his father Hazrat Uthman Abu Qahafa R.A was still alive, he came to be recognized as chief of his tribe. Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) was assigned the office of awarding During Muhammad’s (PBUH) era

When beloved prophet Muhammad (PBUH) married Hazrat Khadijah bint Khuwaylid R.A and moved to her house, he became a neighbor of Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) who lived in the same locality. That was the quarter of Meccan Aristocracy. Like the house of Hazrat Khadija (R.A,) the house of Hazrat Abu Bakr R.A was double storied and palatial in structure.

As neighbors, Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) and Hazrar Abu Bakr (R.A) came in contact with each other. Both of them were of the same age, traders and good managers.

Acceptance of Islam

On his return from a business trip from [Yemen], he was informed by some of his friends that in his absence Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) had declared himself as the Messenger of God, and proclaimed a new religion. Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) converted to Islam becoming the second person to accept Hazrat Muhammad’s (PBUH) Prophethood according to some Sunnis. Other Sunnis and all Shias believe that the second person (and first male) to accept Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) as the messenger of Allah was Hazrat Ali ibn Abi Talib (R.A) Also he was the first person outside the family of Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) to become a [Muslim].

Life after accepting Islam

His birth name Abdul Kaaba was changed to Abdullah, because the former was indicative of paganism. His wife Um Ruman (R.A) became a Muslim

All his children except ‘Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr accepted Islam, and Abu Bakr separated from his son Abdur Rah man.

Hazrat Abu Bakr’s (R.A) dawah brought many people to Islam. He persuaded his intimate friends to convert to Islam. He persuaded his intimate friends to convert to Islam and presented Islam to others in such a way that many of his friends accepted Islam. Those who converted to Islam at the instance of Abu Bakr were:

  • Hazrat Uthman Ibn Affan (R.A) (who eventually became the third Caliph)
  • Hazrat Al-Zubayr (R.A) (part of the Islamic conquest of Persia )
  • Hazrat Umar ibb Masoan (R.A)
  • Hazrat Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah (R.A) (who remained commander in chief of the Rashidun army in Syria )
  • Hazrat Abdullah bin Abdul Asad (R.A)
  • Hazrat Abu Salma (R.A)
  • Ammar ibn Yasir (R.A)
  • Hazrat Abu Fuhayra (R.A)

and among the women they were:

He who gives in charity and fears Allah And in all sincerity testifies to the Truth; We shall indeed make smooth for him the path of Bliss .

Those who spend their wealth for increase in self-purification; And have in their minds no favor from any one For which a reward is expected in return, But only the desire to seek the Countenance, Of their Lord, Most High; And soon they shall attain complete satisfaction .

Persecution by the Quraysh

For three years after the advent of Islam, Muslims kept secret their faith, and prayed in secret. In 613 Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) received a revelation to call people to Islam openly. The first public address inviting people to offer allegiance to Hazrar Muhammad (PBUH) was delivered by Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A)
In a fit of fury the young men of the Quraysh tribe rusheHazrattAbu AbuB(R.A) akr, and beat him mercilessly till he lost consciousness. Following this inciHazrar dent Abu Ba(R.A) motherother converted to IsHazrar lam. Abu (R.A) wasr was persecuted many times by the Quraysh.

Last years in Mecca

If ye help not (your Leader) (it is no matter): for Allah did indeed help him; when the unbelievers drove him out: he had no more than one companion: they two were in the cave, and he said to his companion “Have no Fear, for Allah is with us”: then Allah sent down His peace upon him, and strengthened him with forces which ye saw not, and humbled to the depths the word of the Unbelievers. But the word of Allah is exalted to the heights: for Allah is Exalted in might, Wise.

After staying at the cave for three days and three nights, Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) and Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) proceed to Medina, staying for some time at Quba, a suburb of Medina.

Life in Medina

art of the army. Before the conquest of Mecca his father Uthman Abu Qahafa converted to Islam. In 630 he was part of Battle of Hunayn and Siege of Ta’if. He was part of the Muslim army in the campaign of Tabuk under Hazrat Muhammad’s (PBUH) command and he was reported to have given all his wealth for the preparation of this expedition. In 631, Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) sent from Medina a delegation of three hundred Muslims to perform the Hajj according to the new Islamic way. Abu Bakr was appointed as the leader of the delegates. Abu Bakr had thus the honor of being the first Amir-ul-Haj in the history of Islam. In the year 632 Abu Bakr followed Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) to Mecca for the farewell Hajj. Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) leaving physical world. A short time after returning from the farewell pilgrimage, Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) became ill. When the fever developed he directed Abu Bakr to go to the war following Usama who was 18. When Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) left physical world Muslims gathered in Al-Masjid al-Nabawi and there were suppressed sobs and sighs. Many Sahaba were in a state of disbelief that Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) had left physical world. Abu Bakr and many of the other Sahaba were not present when Muhammad left physical worldbecause they were having a conference about who would be the next leader. Ali ibn Abi Talib carried out the cleaning of the body and burial. In the meantime, the conference had decided that Abu Bakr should be the next caliph. When Abu Bakr gave condolences to Ali (RA), Ali was disgusted at the fact that they were more concerned about who would become the next caliph instead of the Prophet himself. Even though Muhammad publicly and openly told the Muslims that Ali was to be the successor after him at Ghadeer-e-Khum, Abu Bakr became the next caliph, and took his right away.

Election of Hazrat Abu Bakr(R.A) to Caliphate

After Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) left the physical world, previously dormant tensions between the Meccan immigrants , the Ummah . The Ansar, the leaders of the tribes of Medina, met in a hall or house called Umar (R.A) Hazrat Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah (R.A) and a few others rushed to prevent the Ansar from making a premature decision. Accounts of this meeting vary greatly. All agree that during the meeting Hazrat Umar (R.A) declared that Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) should be the new leader, and declared his allegiance to Abu Bakr, followed by Hazrat Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah (R.A) and Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) became the first Muslim caliph, who was given the title, Khalifa-tul-Rasool (Successor of messenger of Allah), a title only accepted by Sunni muslims. After the meeting at saqifah, the Muslims who were not present were asked to submit to Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A), to give their pledge of allegiance. Most accounts agree that Hazrat Ali (R.A) (Hazrat Muhammad’s (PBUH) beloved and the most closest companion, cousin and son-in-law) and his supporters initially refused to submit. But after they refused to give Ali his right to be the caliph, he gave his allegiance for the greater good of Islam. After a period of time, the duration of which is disputed, the dissidents gave their bay’ah .

Reign as a Caliph

After assuming the office of Caliphate Hazrat Abu Bakr’s (R.first address was as follow: Caliph hazrar Abu Bakr’s R.A empire at its peak, 634.

I have been given the authority over you, and I am not the best of you. If I do well, help me; and if I do wrong, set me right. Sincere regard for truth is loyalty and disregard for truth is treachery. The weak amongst you shall be strong with me until I have secured his rights, if God wills; and the strong amongst you shall be weak with me until I have wrested from him the rights of others, if God wills. Obey me so long as I obey God and His Messenger. But if I disobey God and His Messenger, ye owe me no obedience. Arise for your prayer, God have mercy upon you.

Hazrat Abu Bakr’s (R.A) Caliphate lasted for 27 months, during which he crushed the rebellion of the Arab tribes throughout Arab in the successful largest empires in history . He had little time to pay attention to the administration of state, though state affairs remained stable during his Caliphate. On the advice of Hazrat Umar (R.A) and Hazrat Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah (R.A) he agreed to have a salary from state treasury and abolish his cloth trade.

Ridda-Wars

Shi’ite view

The Muslims believe that although there were some people that took the opportunity to proclaim themselves as prophets, the majority of people who battled against Abu Bakr were people who expected Ali to be the next Caliph, since they believe that Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) was expressing this wish at the Hadith of the two weighty things.

The Qur’an — preservation

According to Sunni Islam, Hazrar Abu Bakr (R.A) was instrumental in preserving the Qur’an in written form. It is said that after the hard-won victory over Musaylimah in the Battle of Yamama fought in 632, Umar (the later Caliph Umar), saw that many of the Muslims who had memorized the Qur’an had died in battle. Fearing that the Qur’an may be lost or corrupted, Umar requested the Caliph Abu Bakr to authorize the compilation and preservation of the Book in written format. After initial hesitation, Abu Bakr made a committee headed by sahaba, sahaba (companions) were still alive, ensuring that the text would not be corrupted in any form. Prior to his death, Abu Bakr gave this authorized copy of the Qur’an to Umar – his successor. It remained with him throughout his tenure as Caliph (10 years). Prior to his death, Umar gave this Book to his daughter Hafsa bint Umar, who was one of the wives of Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH). Umar did not nominate his successor on his deathbed, and thus preferred to leave this copy with Hafsa so as not to indicate his personal preference of who would be the next caliph. Later on, it became the basis of Uthman Ibn Affan’s definitive text of the Qur’an which was published far and wide merely 18 years after the death of the Prophet. Later historians give Uthman Ibn Affan the principal credit for re-verification and publishing the Qur’an. Shi’as reject the idea that Abu Bakr or Umar were instrumental in the collection or preservation of the Qur’an.

Military expansion

Once the rebellions had been put down, Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A)began a war of conquest. Whether or not he intended a full-out imperial conquest is hard to say; he did, however, set in motion a historical trajectory that in just a few short decades would lead to one of the largest empires in history . Abu Bakr began with Invasion of Sassanid Persian Empire

After the Ridda Wars, a tribal chief of north eastern Arabia, Misnah ibn Haris, raided the Persian towns in Iraq. With the success of the raids, a considerable amount of booty was collected. Misnah ibn Haris went to Medina to inform Caliph Abu Bakr about his success and was appointed commander of his people, after which he begun to raid deeper into Iraq. Using the mobility of his Muharram 12th Hijrah) Khalid set out from Al-Yamama with an army of 10,000. File:Tomb in masjid al nabvi-mohammad adil rais.JPG The grave of Abu Bakr at the Masjid al-Nabawi lies behind the portico on the left. He appointed Umar as his successor after discussing with some companions. Some of them favored the nomination and others disliked it, due to the tough nature of Umar. Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) thus dictated the testament to Uthman Ibn Affan in the following terms:

In the name of Most Merciful God. This is the last will and testament of Abu Bakr bin Abu Qahafa, when he is in the last hour of the world, and the first of the next; an hour in which the infidel must believe, the wicked be convinced of their evil ways, I nominate Umar bin al Khattab as my successor. Therefore, hear to him and obey him. If he acts right, confirm his actions. My intentions are good, but I cannot see the future results. However, those who do ill shall render themselves liable to severe account hereafter. Fare you well. May you be ever attended by the Divine favor of blessing.

Abu Bakr next asked Aisha as to how many pieces of cloth were used for Hazrat Muhammad’s (PBUH) shroud. Aisha said that three pieces had been used. Abu Bakr thereupon desired the same number for his own shroud. On Monday 23 August 634 Abu Bakr died. The funeral prayer was led by Umar. He was buried the same night by the side of Hazrat Muhammad’s (PBUH) grave in Aisha’s house ner Al-Masjid al-Nabawi

Family

  • From his wife Um Ruman he had a daughter, Aisha and a son, ‘Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr
  • From his wife Asma bint Umays he had a daughter, Abu Bakr. Most of them are known by the name Ethiopia , Siddiqis are usually called Qallu which is to mean people of the religion, as they are the first to bring Islam to this area. In Legacy

Sunni view

Sunni Muslims also consider Abu Bakr as one of the ten Sahaba (companions) for whom Muhammad had testified that they were destined for Paradise. He is regarded as Khalifa Rasulullah The successor of Messenger of Allah, and first of the Rightly Guided Caliphs – i.e. Rashidun and being the rightful successor to Muhammad.Hazrat Abu bakr(R.a) had always been the closest friend and confidant of Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) throughout his life. He was always there beside the Prophet at every major event. It was Abu Bakr’s wisdom that Muhammad always honored and would always consult him before anyone else. During the last few weeks of his life, Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) preferred Abu Bakr to lead the Muslims in prayer while he was ill. Upon Hazrat muhammad’s(PBUH) death, it was Abu Bakr who demonstrated sagacity to keep the ranks of the Muslims together. Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) had not left behind a clear will on who would succeed him. There was dissension between the two original tribes of Medina, namely Aws and Umar and Abu Ubaidah ibn al-Jarrah rushed to the spot where the dispute almost turned bloody, and delivered his famous speech to show the path of unity between the Muslims and declared that Umar should become the first caliph. In turn, Umar declared his allegiance to Abu Bakr saying that there is no better man amongst the Muslims after Hazrat Muhammad(pbuh) . Majority of the sahaba (companions of the Prophet) assembled there followed suit and pledged their allegiance to Abu Bakr. Sunnis point out this fact of avoiding bloodshed between Muslims and preserving the unity of the state as of paramount importance, or it would have led to self-destruction of the new state. The famous scholar Imam Ahmad Ibn Hanbal stated that he is the best of all companions (sahaba) of the Prophet . He is also best remembered by Ahlus-Sunnah Wal Jama’ah and the world history, for his famous speech upon the death of Muhammad which he delivered at the Mosque of the Prophet:

O’ men, if anyone worships Muhammad, Muhammad is dead. And if anyone worships God, God is Alive, Immortal. He then recited the verse from the Qur’an: “Muhammad is no more than an Apostle. Many were the Apostles that passed away before him. If he died or were slain, will ye then turn back on your heels ? If any did turn back on his heels, not the least harm will he do to God. But God (on the other hand) will swiftly reward those who (serve him) with gratitude.”

Sunnis also consider the narrations about Abu Bakr and his family by the Shi’a to be spurious.

Shi’a view

The Shi’a have a very unfavorable view of Abu Bakr. They believe that he was a usurper who snatched the Caliphate when it should have gone to Ali, who was part of Banu Hashim and Mohammad’s bloodline. They also believe he and Umar conspired to take over power in the Muslim nation after Muhammad’s death, in a Fatimah, that ended with her becoming angry with Abu Bakr and refusing to talk with him for the rest of her life, she died six months later. Abu Bakr had refused to grant her a piece of land which Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH) had left. (see Fadak) The Shi’a believe that Hazrat Abu Bakr (R.A) sent Hazrat Non-Muslims view

William Montgomery Watt writes:

From 622 to 632 he (Abu Bakr) was Mohammed’s chief adviser, but had no prominent public functions except that he conducted the pilgrimage to Mecca in 631, and led the public prayers in Medina during Mohammed’s last illness.”

References

See also

External links

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